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1.
Rev. med. Chile ; 150(8): 1087-1094, ago. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431879

ABSTRACT

In the last decade, medical students stood out as active agents in their training, which implies their involvement in the design, implementation, evaluation, and curricular co-governance. This article describes a model of active undergraduate student participation from 2014 to 2021 and compares the face-to-face and synchronous online modalities, later brought forward by the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. Annually, a call was made to UC School of Medicine undergraduate students to establish the topics and areas to be addressed during self-managed seminars. Then, medical students located in Chile were invited to attend the activity. Psychiatry was established as a priority topic in six out of eight years. Five seminars were conducted, the last two in synchronous online mode. The number of people enrolled in the online modality increased by 251% compared to the face-to-face modality (face-to-face mean = 133 ± 33 SD; online mean = 336 ± 24SD), with no significant differences in rates of attendance between modalities (Odds ratio (OR) = 1,12; 95% CI= 0,82 - 1,55; p = 0,45). The online modality was associated with a higher proportion of enrollees belonging to an institution outside the Metropolitan Region (OR 12,63; 95% CI = 8,64 - 18,46; p < 0,01). The self-managed psychiatry seminars correspond to a model of active undergraduate student participation, with the synchronous online modality representing an opportunity to massify it throughout the national territory.


Subject(s)
Humans , Psychiatry , Students, Medical , Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Self-Management , COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 150(3)mar. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1409809

ABSTRACT

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms can be part of the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 infections. Aim: To devise an evidence based clinical algorithm as a guide for clinicians, to identify and treat underlying clinical syndromes of psychomotor agitation, such as delirium, catatonia or substance withdrawal in patients who are hospitalized and infected with SARS-CoV-2. Material and Methods: A review of the literature about the pharmacological management of neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 at the general hospital, to develop a clinical protocol based on a consensus from an interdisciplinary expert panel at a Clinical Hospital. Results: A consensual clinical algorithm for the management of delirium, catatonia, and substance withdrawal, manifested as psychomotor agitation in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, was developed as a clinical proposal for physicians at different levels of complexity in health services. Conclusions: Cooperation among different clinical units in the general hospital facilitated the implementation of a clinical algorithm for clinicians for the management of psychomotor agitation in COVID-19 patients.

3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(3): 439-446, mar. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389454

ABSTRACT

Recently, the Chilean Senate approved the main ideas of a constitutional reform and a Neuro-rights bill. This bill aims to protect people from the potential abusive use of "neuro-technologies". Unfortunately, a literal interpretation of this law can produce severe negative effects both in the development of neuroscience research and medical practice in Chile, interfering with current treatments in countless patients suffering from neuropsychiatric diseases. This fear stems from the observation of the negative effects that recent Chilean legislations have produced, which share with the Neuro-Rights Law the attempt to protect vulnerable populations from potential abuse from certain medical interventions. In fact, Law 20,584 promulgated in 2012, instead of protecting the most vulnerable patients "incapacitated to consent", produced enormous, and even possibly irreversible, damage to research in Chile in pathologies that require urgent attention, such as many neuropsychiatric diseases. This article details the effects that Law 20.584 had on research in Chile, how it relates to the Neuro-Rights Law, and the potential negative effects that the latter could have on research and medical practice, if it is not formulated correcting its errors.


Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Rights , Vulnerable Populations , Chile
4.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 37(5): 555-562, nov. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1144250

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Aproximadamente 50% de las personas con infección por VIH padecen de alguna patología neuro-psiquiátrica. Características intrínsecas del virus, sus complicaciones, tratamiento y el contexto socio-cultural de los infectados facilitan el desarrollo de estas co-morbilidades, que determinan, en parte, el curso y pronóstico de las personas con infección por VIH. Objetivo: Introducir en la fisiopatología, características clínicas y manejo de la patología neuro-psiquiática en la infección por VIH, centrándose en dos de sus cuadros de mayor prevalencia: el trastorno neuro-cognitivo asociado al VIH (HAND) y el trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM). Desarrollo: En general, la detección y el tratamiento precoz de la patología neuropsiquiátrica en personas con infección por VIH mejora la calidad de vida de los pacientes, el curso clínico de la infección y mejora la adherencia al tratamiento anti-retroviral, lo que constituye una herramienta importante en el control de la propagación del VIH.


Abstract Background: The prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders in HIV infected individuals is around 50%. Despite this, these diseases are often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Direct effects of the virus, opportunistic infections, adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy and the sociocultural context of the infected persons, contribute to the development of HIV associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and major depressive disorder (MDD), both of which have an impact in quality of life and disease progression. Aim: To introduce physicians in the pathophysiology, clinical features and management of psychiatric disease in seropositive patients. Content: Early detection and treatment of neuropsychiatric comorbidity in HIV infected individuals improve clinical outcomes, quality of life and is an important milestone in the control of the pandemic.


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Depressive Disorder, Major/etiology , Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology , Quality of Life , Comorbidity , Prevalence
5.
Ces med. vet. zootec ; 11(3): 71-85, jul.-dic. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-952553

ABSTRACT

Marek's disease virus affects dramatically the production of broiler chicken, hens breeding and commercial due to lost causes for carcass condemnation, presence of tumors and high mortality. Give them us derivatives by the VEM they affect significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide and impact the comprehensive management of poultry health and health in general. The genetic and molecular characteristics of the VEM highlight the diversity of the genome in each of the 3 serotypes of the virus; genes involved in pathogenicity, evasion of the immune response and replication strategies are consistent with the difficulty of their infection control. Viral latency and the pump of the immune response of the host, particularly the control of type I interferons, are the mechanism to help the perpetuation in the poultry and thus hamper their effective environmental control. All those conditions have allowed that the virus evolves to forms more virulent that with the use of the vaccines current does not provide a protection adequate against these; for this reason, it is necessary to reconsider current vaccination plans to improve the immune response of active type, particularly involving cell type, to control his evasion and control on the immune system.


El virus de la enfermedad de Marek afecta dramaticamente la producción de pollo de engorde, gallinas comerciales y reproductoras debido a las perdidas causas por decomisos en mataderos, presencia de tumores y alta mortalidad. Las daños derivados por el VEM repercuten en pérdidas económicas significativas en la industria avícola mundial e impactan el manejo integral de la sanidad y salud avícola en general. Las características genéticas y moleculares del VEM resaltan la diversidad genómica en cada uno de los tres serotipos del virus; genes involucrados en sus estrategias de replicación, patogenicidad y evasión de la respuesta inmune son consistentes con la dificultad del control de su infección. La latencia viral y la evación de la respuesta inmune del hospedero, particularmente el control de interferones tipo I, son los mecanismo que ayudan a la perpetuacion en las granjas avicolas y por ende dificultan su efectivo control medio ambiental. Todas esas condiciones han permitido que el virus evolucione a formas más virulentas que con el uso de las vacunas actuales no proporcionen una protección adecuada contra estas; por eso, se hace necesario replantear los planes actuales de vacunación para mejorar la respuesta inmune de tipo activo, involucrando particularmente la de tipo celular, para controlar su evasion y control sobre el sistema inmune.


O vírus da doença de Marek afeta drasticamente a produçã o de frango de engorda, galinhas poedeiras comerciais e reproduçã o devido a eles causas perdidas por convulsões em matadouros, presença de tumores e alta mortalidade. Dar-lhes nos derivados pelo VEM que afectem perdas económicas significativas na indústria avícola em todo o mundo e afetar o gerenciamento abrangente de saúde das aves e saúde em geral. As características genéticas e moleculares do VEM destacam a diversidade do genoma em cada um dos 3 sorotipos do vírus; genes envolvidos em suas estratégias de replicaçã o, patogenicidade e evasã o da resposta imune sã o consistentes com a dificuldade do controle de sua infecçã o. Latência viral e a bomba da resposta imune do hospedeiro, especialmente o controle de interferons do tipo I, sã o o mecanismo para ajudar a perpetuaçã o em aves de capoeira e, assim, dificultar o seu controle ambiental eficaz. Todas essas condições permitiram que o vírus evolui para formas mais virulentas que com o uso das vacinas atuais nã o fornece uma proteçã o adequada contra estes; por isso, é necessário faz-los repensar corrente de planos de vacinaçã o para melhorar o imune resposta do tipo ativo, envolvendo particularmente o de célula do tipo, para controlar sua evasã o e controle sobre o imunológico do sistema.

6.
Bol. Hosp. Viña del Mar ; 50(2/3): 167-70, 1994. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-144242

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de éste estudio es describir el hábito de fumar en el personal de salud del Hospital Hanga-Roa de Isla de Pascua. Se encuesta un 81,8 por ciento del universo en forma personal. Un 88,8 por ciento del personal encuestado había fumado cigarrillos alguna vez en su vida. El 51,8 por ciento había fumado alguna vez todos los días por seis o más meses. En el momento del estudio un 25,9 por ciento fumaba diariamente, un 11,1 por ciento lo hacía en forma ocasional y un 63 por ciento nunca. El promedio de cigarrillos por día de la población fumadora es de 7,21 por ciento; y tomados sólo los fumadores de todos los días, este llega a 10 cigarrillos al día. Se observó entre los encuestados una clara concepción acerca de la importancia de la prevención del tabaquismo y el rol que ellos juegan en esto. Comparado con el personal de salud de Santiago, el hábito de fumar es porcentualmente inferior en el hospital de la isla, y por lo demás, según nuestro estudio, existe una manifiesta tendencia a dejar el hábito, lo que es refrendado por el hecho de que el 74,1 por ciento de los funcionarios encuestados nunca fuman o sólo lo hacen de forma ocasional


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Smoking/epidemiology , Personnel, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Smoking Cessation
7.
Bol. Hosp. Viña del Mar ; 50(2/3): 185-90, 1994. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-144246

ABSTRACT

Se presentaron los resultados del estudio de prevalencia del hábito de fumar realizado en alumnos de liceo de Hanga Roa en Isla de Pascua. un 78,6 por ciento había tomado contacto con el cigarro alguna vez en su vida. Al interrogar si había fumado diariamente por más de tres o más meses, un 28,6 por ciento lo había hecho. La prevalencia de fumadores actuales entre los escolares estudiados fue de 55,4 por ciento. Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los sexos, ya que las mujeres; resultaron fumar en mayor número, haciéndolo por más tiempo y consumiendo una mayor cantidad de cigarros que sus compañeros hombres. No hubo diferencias al considerar el origen étnico de los alumnos. La razón que más frecuentemente se adujo para iniciar el hábito fue la imitación. Por otro lado; notamos que existen diferencias significativas entre el hábito de fumar del mejor amigo de alumnos fumadores y el de no fumadores. Finalmemte, la opinión del padre frente al hábito de su hijo resultó ser importante, mostrando diferencias entre alumnos fumadores y no fumadores


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Smoking/epidemiology , Adolescent Behavior , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data , Health Surveys , Sex Distribution
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